How can you treat trauma and PTSD?
By Janeth Nuñez del Prado, LCSW
Introduction: Effective treatments for trauma and PTSD
People exposed to trauma can experience debilitating and wide-ranging symptoms that can greatly hinder their functioning and life-enjoyment. Experience of trauma can result in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), but even outside of this specific diagnosis, trauma can negatively impact your life and wellbeing in many ways.
When it comes to treating trauma, two therapeutic approaches that have garnered attention are Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) and Reconsolidation of Traumatic Memories (RTM). Both methods aim to alleviate the distress associated with traumatic memories, but they differ significantly in their techniques and underlying principles. Understanding these differences can help individuals make informed decisions about their mental health treatment.
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR)
EMDR is a well-established psychotherapy method developed by Francine Shapiro in the late 1980s. It is designed to help individuals process and resolve traumatic memories by using bilateral stimulation, typically through guided eye movements. The therapy involves an eight-phase approach that focuses on past memories, present triggers, and future actions.
Key Features of EMDR
- Bilateral Stimulation: EMDR utilizes bilateral eye movements or other forms of rhythmic left-right stimulation to facilitate the processing of traumatic memories.
- Structured Protocol: The therapy follows a structured eight-phase protocol that includes history taking, preparation, assessment, desensitization, installation, body scan, closure, and reevaluation.
- Focus on Present Symptoms: EMDR aims to reduce the emotional distress associated with traumatic memories and alter negative beliefs that have resulted from these experiences.
Benefits of EMDR
- Comprehensive Processing: EMDR addresses past memories, current triggers, and future challenges, providing a holistic approach to trauma treatment.
- Evidence-Based: Numerous studies support EMDR’s effectiveness in reducing PTSD symptoms and improving overall mental health outcomes3.
Reconsolidation of Traumatic Memories (RTM)
RTM is a newer therapeutic approach that focuses on altering the way traumatic memories are stored in the brain. It aims to separate the emotional response from the memory itself, allowing individuals to recall traumatic events without experiencing distress.
Key Features of RTM
- Memory Reconsolidation: RTM involves a short visualization process where the traumatic memory is retrieved and altered. This change helps reduce the anxiety symptoms associated with the memory.
- Rapid Results: RTM typically requires fewer sessions than traditional therapies like EMDR. Many individuals experience significant symptom reduction in just three or four sessions.
- Comfortable Process: The therapy is designed to keep clients comfortable throughout the procedure, minimizing distress while processing traumatic memories.
Benefits of RTM
- Quick Relief: RTM offers rapid symptom relief for many individuals, making it an appealing option for those seeking swift results.
- High Success Rate: Studies suggest that RTM is effective in alleviating PTSD symptoms for over 90% of participants.
- Gentle Approach: The therapy does not require clients to face the full impact of their traumatic experiences directly, which can be beneficial for those who find it overwhelming or just too re-triggering to discuss their trauma.
Comparing EMDR and RTM
While both EMDR and RTM aim to resolve trauma-related distress, they differ in several key aspects:
Aspect
EMDR | RTM | |
Technique | Bilateral stimulation through eye movements | Visualization process altering memory reconsolidation |
Treatment Duration | Typically requires 6-12 sessions | Often effective in 3-4 sessions |
Focus | Comprehensive processing of past, present, future | Separation of emotion from memory |
Client Experience | Involves confronting traumatic memories | Keeps clients comfortable without full confrontation |
Evidence Base | Extensive research supporting effectiveness | Emerging evidence with promising results |
Choosing Between EMDR and RTM
The choice between EMDR and RTM depends on several factors including personal preference, the nature of the trauma, and availability of trained therapists. Some individuals may prefer EMDR’s structured approach and extensive research backing, while others might opt for RTM’s rapid results and gentle process.
Ultimately, both therapies offer valuable tools for healing from trauma. It is essential to consult with a qualified mental health professional who can assess your specific needs and recommend the most suitable treatment approach. With professional guidance, you can embark on a path towards recovery and unburned yourself of the emotional impact of your traumatic experiences.